Control Basics

Learn the basics of electrical control from a practical field perspective.

Start with the fundamentals: inputs, outputs, contacts, sensors, and on/off control. This category organizes the basic ideas in an order that is easy to follow for beginners and field workers.

What you can learn in this category

Control systems become much easier to understand when you separate the field devices, the signals, and the PLC logic.

Inputs and outputs

Understand how switches and sensors become inputs, and how lamps, solenoids, and other devices become outputs.

Contacts and signals

Learn the difference between NO and NC contacts and common signal patterns used in control panels.

Field-friendly troubleshooting

Build a simple way to trace signals when checking equipment, PLC inputs, and output devices.

First articles to read

Start with these articles if you are new to electrical control or PLC-based equipment.

Control Basics articles

These articles cover the basic parts and ideas used around control panels, PLCs, sensors, and field devices.

Relay Basics

Learn how relays switch signals and why they are still important in control panels.

NPN and PNP Sensors

Understand the difference between sink and source style sensor outputs.

Photoelectric Sensor Basics

Learn how photoelectric sensors detect objects using light.

Proximity Sensor Basics

Understand how proximity sensors detect metal objects without contact.

Limit Switch Basics

Learn how limit switches detect mechanical position in equipment.

Reed Switch Basics

Understand how cylinder switches detect actuator position.

Encoder Basics

Learn how encoders are used to detect position, speed, and rotation.

Load Cell Basics

Understand how load cells convert force or weight into an electrical signal.

Inverter Basics

Learn how inverters control motor speed in industrial equipment.

Servo Motor Basics

Understand the basic role of servo motors in positioning control.

IAI RoboCylinder Basics

Learn how electric actuators connect motion control with PLC signals.